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1.
Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability ; 48(1):77-84, 2023.
Article in English | CINAHL | ID: covidwho-2265293

ABSTRACT

Parents of children with intellectual and neurodevelopmental disorders are a highly burdened group that faces additional challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, parents of children with intellectual and neurodevelopmental disorders (N = 600) living in Canada participated in a cross-sectional online survey. More than 96% of the parents reported facing additional challenges due to the pandemic. COVID-19-related stressors correlated with poorer mental and physical health. Parents who reported a higher amount of COVID-19-related stressors also reported more post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Resuming and implementing new services for children with intellectual and neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents will be key in alleviating the challenges for those parents.

3.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 13(1): 2087979, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1915468

ABSTRACT

Background: Parents of children with intellectual and developmental disorders often experience potentially traumatic events while caring for their children. Heightened posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) have been found in this population. Objective: We aimed to explore risk and protective factors for their PTS and PTG. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 parents (average age M = 43.14 years, SD = 7.40; 95.3% mothers). Results: Parenting trauma showed an adverse effect on developing PTS (beta = 0.25, p < .01) and a positive role in promoting PTG (beta = 0.16, p < .01). Social support was protective in its correlation with lower levels of PTS (beta = -0.12, p < .01) and higher levels of PTG (beta = 0.22, p < .01). Barriers to care were associated with increased PTS (beta = 0.23, p < .01), but unrelated to PTG (beta = .01, p = .855). Negative parenting showed a significant, but small, correlation with more severe PTS (beta = 0.11, p < .05), and was unrelated to PTG (beta = -0.09, p = .065). Conclusions: Our study increases the understanding of posttraumatic reactions in parents, predominantly mothers, of children with IDD and identified parenting-related trauma, social support, and barriers to mental health care as predictive factors of the reactions. More research is needed to confirm and validate the effects of the discussed factors. Although causation can not be inferred, prompt and adequate screening and therapeutic resources should be provided to those mothers who were exposed to multiple stressful caregiving events and had limited healthcare access and less support from their spouses, peers, and caregiving partners. HIGHLIGHTS: Parents of a child with Intellectual and Developmental Disorders with parenting trauma had higher posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG).Social support was related to lower PTS and higher PTG.Barriers to care were related to higher PTS but unrelated to PTG.


Antecedentes: Los padres de niños con trastornos intelectuales y del desarrollo a menudo experimentan eventos potencialmente traumáticos mientras cuidan a sus hijos. En esta población se han encontrado un elevado estrés postraumático (PTS por sus siglas en ingles) y crecimiento postraumático (PTG por sus siglas en ingles).Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue explorar los factores protectores y de riesgo para PTS y PTG.Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 385 padres (con edad promedio M = 43,14 años, DS = 7,40; 95,3% madres).Resultados: El trauma parental mostró ser un efecto adverso en el desarrollo de PTS (beta = 0.25, p < 0.01) y un papel positivo en la promover el PTG (beta = 0.16, p < 0,01). El apoyo social fue protector en su correlación con niveles más bajos de PTS (beta = −0.12, p < .01) y niveles más altos de PTG (beta = 0.22, p < .01). Las barreras a la atención se asociaron con un aumento de PTS (beta = 0.23, p < 0.01), pero no se relacionaron con PTG (beta = 0.01, p = 0,855). La crianza negativa mostró una correlación significativa, pero pequeña, con PTS más severos (beta = 0.11, p < 0,05) y no estuvo relacionado con el PTG (beta = −0.09, p = 0.065).Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio aumenta la comprensión de las reacciones postraumáticas en los padres, predominantemente madres, de niños con IDD e identificó el trauma relacionado con la crianza, el apoyo social y las barreras para la atención de la salud mental como factores predictivos de estas reacciones. Se necesita más investigación para confirmar y validar los efectos de los factores discutidos. Si bien no se puede inferir causalidad, se deben proporcionar recursos terapéuticos y de detección, rápidos y adecuados, a aquellas madres que estuvieron expuestas a múltiples eventos estresantes del cuidado y tuvieron acceso limitado a la atención médica y menos apoyo de sus cónyuges, compañeros y cuidadores.


Subject(s)
Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Developmental Disabilities , Humans , Parenting , Parents/psychology , Protective Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis
4.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 12(1): 1881728, 2021 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1132362

ABSTRACT

Background: Online therapy has become increasingly desirable and available in recent years, with the current COVID-19 pandemic acting as a catalyst to develop further protocols enabling therapists to conduct online treatment safely and efficaciously. Offering online treatment potentially means that treatments are available to clients who would otherwise have no access, closing the gap in the provision of mental health services worldwide. Objective: This paper focuses on practical guidelines using online Narrative Exposure Therapy (e-NET). It aims to be an addition to the general manual of NET to enable therapists to deliver online treatment. The face-to-face version of NET is a well-known short-term and evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder; e-NET is currently being tested in several additional trials. Methods: The differences between NET and e-NET are elaborated and depicted in detail. Results: Difficulties encountered in e-NET delivery, e.g. confidentiality, dealing with interruptions, comorbid symptoms among others, are similar to those that occur during face to face interventions but the solutions have to be adapted. Dissociation is often regarded as a challenge in face-to-face treatment, and requires particular attention within the online setting. Therefore, tools for addressing dissociation in this particular setting are presented. Conclusions: These practical guidelines show the advantages as well as the challenges therapists face when conducting e-NET. They aim to empower therapists working with trauma clients to conduct e-NET confidently and safely.


Antecedentes: La terapia online se ha vuelto deseable y disponible de forma creciente recientemente, con la actual pandemia del COVID-19 actuando como un catalizador para desarrollar protocolos permitiendo a los terapeutas a aplicar tratamiento online de forma segura y eficaz. Ofrecer tratamiento online significa que potencialmente los tratamientos están disponibles para los clientes que no tendrían acceso de otra forma, reduciendo la brecha en la provisión de los servicios de salud mental alrededor del mundo.Objetivo: Este artículo se centra en las guías prácticas usando la Terapia de Exposición Narrativa online (e-NET). Este busca ser una adición al manual general de NET para facilitar que los terapeutas entreguen tratamiento online. La versión presencial del NET es un tratamiento bien conocido basado en la evidencia y de corto plazo para el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático; e-NET está actualmente siendo evaluado en varios ensayos adicionales.Métodos: Las diferencias entre NET y e-NET están elaboradas y se describen en detalle.Resultados: Las diferencias encontradas en la entrega del e-NET, por ej. Confidencialidad, manejo de interrupciones, síntomas comórbidos, entre otros, son similares a aquellos que ocurren durante las intervenciones presenciales, pero las soluciones tienen que ser adaptadas. La disociación es frecuentemente mencionada como un desafío en el tratamiento presencial, y requiere de particular atención con el contexto online. Por lo tanto, se presentan herramientas para abordar la disociación en este contexto particular.Conclusiones: Estas guías practicas muestran las ventajas como también los desafíos que los terapeutas enfrentan cuando aplican e-NET. Ellas buscan empoderar a los terapeutas para el trabajo con clientes que han experimentado trauma para implementar e-NET de forma confidencial y segura.

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